They have little to fear in the short run, unless they duplicate Georgia's folly and attack Russia. But the question of how the three Baltic states of Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia might be defended is worth considering, both in itself and in terms of what it means for defending other small countries.

The worst option, which Georgia took, is to create a toy army. A handful of modern jet fighters, a battalion or two of tanks, a frigate for the navy, all add up to nothing. Against a great power, a toy army goes down to defeat in days, if not hours. Moreover, even a few modern jet fighters or tanks cost so much, there is no money left for a real defense. Unless the Baltic states want to fight each other, they should leave military toys to children.

Second, the Baltics could try to ally with other nearby powers strong enough to balance Russia. But this option exists only in theory.

Germany could fill the role but has lost all great power ambitions, while Sweden has been out of the game for two centuries. There could be benefit for all concerned in a union of the Baltic states and Finland under the Swedish crown, all retaining complete domestic autonomy but united for defense and foreign policy, but it is probably only historians who can see the potential.

A third option is to ally with distant great powers in order to balance the threat from a local great power. That is what the Baltic states have done through their membership in the U.S.-led North Atlantic Treaty Organization.

Unfortunately, while Central European states have attempted this over and over again for centuries, it never works. It may involve Western powers in war with Russia, or in the past with Germany, but it does nothing to protect the country in question. Poland is a recent example: Britain and France went to war with Germany in 1939 over Poland, but Poland remained an occupied country for 50 years.

NATO membership also increases the pressure to build a toy army, or to specialize in "niche" capabilities like water purification that serve NATO but not home defense. Both are roads to military irrelevance.

There is a model that would work for the three Baltic states and other small countries: the Iraqi model. Instead of creating a toy army, they should plan an Iraq-style insurgency against any occupier. This requires a universal militia like Switzerland's, where every male citizen knows how to shoot and how to build and emplace improvised explosive devices and where weapons and explosives are cached all over the country. In the three Baltic states, this would be a rural rather than an urban defense: Russia and its armed forces could take the cities but not the countryside. The "Forest Brothers" kept up just such a resistance to the Soviet presence well into the 1950s.

An Iraqi-model defense would not make it impossible for Russia to conquer the Baltic states. It could only make such a venture expensive for Russia -- hopefully, too expensive.

For long-term security, the Baltic states must approach the problem not just at the military but at the grand strategic level. What that means is that, like all small countries bordering a great power, they must accommodate the great power's interests.

The model here is Finland during the Cold War. Finland maintained complete sovereignty in its domestic affairs but was careful to accommodate the Soviet Union in its foreign and defense policies. It was a good neighbor to Russia, as the three Baltic states should strive to be good neighbors to Russia now. Their goal should be to create a situation in which it is more in Russia's interests for the Baltics to remain independent than to reincorporate them into the Russian empire.

I realize this advice is unpalatable to the Baltic peoples. Half a century of Soviet occupation has left a residue of hatred for all things Russian. But grand strategy must be based on facts and reason, not emotion. The most important fact is geography.

Geography dictates that the Baltic states must accommodate Russian interests, whether they want to or not. If they refuse, then the recent example of Georgia may have more relevance than anyone would wish.

(William S. Lind, expressing his own personal opinion, is director of the Center for Cultural Conservatism at the Free Congress Foundation.)

Community
Email This Article
Comment On This Article

Share This Article With Planet Earth

del.icio.us	Digg	Reddit
YahooMyWeb	Google	Facebook

Related Links
Learn about the Superpowers of the 21st Century at SpaceWar.com
Learn about nuclear weapons doctrine and defense at SpaceWar.com